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An application must be properly internationalized before it can be localized. The J2SE platform APIs provide many useful tools that enable the developer to internationalize a J2EE application. J2EE applications can be localized by creating parameterized pages or by using separate pages for each locale. J2EE applications require proper treatment of locale and encodings when accepting input, communicating data between tiers, processing data in EJB components, and modeling database schemas. Localization of J2EE applications can also be done within each page or at an application level using separate JSP pages for each locale. Finally, J2EE applications should report system errors in all tiers in a language appropriate for system administrators.