Tech Tips - Update

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This is an update to the the Java Developer Connection (JDC) Tech Tip for August 21, 2001 on Delivering Dynamic Images from JavaServer Pages (JSP) Technology. You can view that issue of the Tech Tips on the Web at http://java.sun.com/jdc/JDCTechTips/2001/tt0821.html

That tip mistakenly generated binary content from a JSP page. The Servlet specification requires that servlets not call both ServletResponse.getOutputStream() and ServletResponse.getWriter(). Because JSP pages already call getWriter(), they must not also call getOutputStream(). Some versions of Tomcat delay the calling of getWriter(), so that the tip might work for those versions. However the operations demonstrated in the tip should be considered illegal. JSP pages are only meant to deliver textual output.

In order for this tip to work properly, the dynamic image generation must be moved into a servlet. Place the following class definition in an appropriate servlet directory for your web server (such as webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classes for Tomcat). Then you should be able to call it with a URL of http://localhost:8080/servlet/MakeImage. The core code is identical to that used previously in the tip, except that it's now part of a servlet.

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
import java.util.*;

public class MakeImage extends HttpServlet {

   public void doGet(
       HttpServletRequest request,
       HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException {

     response.setContentType("image/jpeg");

     // Create image
     int width=200, height=200;
     BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(
       width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

     // Get drawing context
     Graphics g = image.getGraphics();

     // Fill background
     g.setColor(Color.white);
     g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

     // Create random polygon
     Polygon poly = new Polygon();
     Random random = new Random();
     for (int i=0; i < 20; i++) {
       poly.addpoint(random.nextint(width),
         random.nextint(height));
     }

     // fill polygon
     g.setcolor(color.cyan);
     g.fillpolygon(poly);

     // dispose context
     g.dispose();

     // send back image
     servletoutputstream sos =
       response.getoutputstream();
     jpegimageencoder encoder =
       jpegcodec.createjpegencoder(sos);
     encoder.encode(image);

   }
}

In addition, if you are a Unix user running a web server on a headless box, you might need Xvfb, which is a virtual frame buffer X server, to emulate a display environment. See http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/2D/forDevelopers/java2dfaq.html#xvfb for more information about server-side support for working with images.

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This issue of the JDC Tech Tips is written by John Zukowski.

JDC Tech Tips August 23, 2001

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