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The Java Telephony API (JTAPI) was designed by a consortium of industry-leading computer and telecommunications companies interested in designing a portable, object-oriented API for computer-telephony integrated call control. The requirements for this API were that it be simple, easy to implement on top of existing CTI platforms, integrate both first-party and third-party call control models, and be scalable and extensible. The initial working group consisted of representatives from Intel, Avaya, NortelNetworks, Novell, and Sun Microsystems.

After several draft releases, which were made available to licensees and to the public for review, the working group released version 1.0 of the JTAPI specification on October 30, 1997. The working group was joined by IBM for a follow-on version. JTAPI version 1.1 was released January 31, 1997. JTAPI version 1.2 was released in February, 1998. Following the release of JTAPI v1.1, other companies, who were members of the Enterprise Computer Telephony Forum (ECTF), worked to help developed the specification. Work was initiated on the new JTAPI media package (ECTF S.410) in February 1997. The JTAPI mobile work began in September of 1997. The two packages were released for the first time in JTAPI 1.3.

The ECTF is now the lead organization developing the JTAPI specification through the Java Community Process (JCP). The JTAPI 1.4 team has used an adapted version of JCP 1.0, grandfathered so as not to require a TCK and RI; starting with the JTAPI 2.0 release, the general agreement is that the team will follow JCP 2.0 or higher version of the process.